Children Susceptible to Backpack-Related Injuries

Advertising campaigns encourage the public to "supersize" their fast foods and beverages. Now, "supersized" backpacks, with larger compartments and additional book capacity, are available. But bigger is not always better.

"In general, backpacks are a good idea," said Dr. Stephen Esses of the Baylor College of Medicine Institute for Spinal Disorders. "But when they are heavy, they place a huge stress on the back. If the back muscles are not strong and healthy and the backpack is not properly positioned, there could be a problem."

Backpacks were originally designed to increase a person's carrying capacity by keeping the weight close to the body. But improper positioning and bad posture can place pressure on the spine, a pitfall that parents of school-aged children should recognize.

The spine consists of multiple layers of vertebrae, with disks located between each layer. Because there is no fundamental structural stability in the spinal column, posture is controlled solely by the surrounding muscles. The spines of younger children are especially susceptible to backpack-related injuries because they do not have the well-developed muscles and spinal control found in teenagers and adults.

To reduce the risk of injury, Dr. Esses suggests:

• Positioning the backpack so it rests between the shoulder blades and is centered in the middle back.
  
  
• Choosing a style that has wide, padded shoulder straps.
  
  
• Considering a child's individual muscular development, in addition to their size, when determining a safe weight range.
  
  
• Maintaining proper posture.
  
  
• Helping the child get the backpack on and off.

Straps should be worn over both shoulders and tightened so the backpack fits snuggly. Worn loosely, they can double the pressure put on the back.

"Kids shouldn't carry their entire locker around on their backs," Dr. Esses said. "Encourage them to leave as much as they can at school, taking with them only what is necessary."

The health of the back muscles, Dr. Esses said, is vital to the health of the spine. As a result, carrying a heavy backpack for long periods of time can be especially dangerous for younger students.

If a child experiences back pain, Dr. Esses suggests reassessing the backpack's position and child's posture. If the pain persists, a visit to a physician may be necessary.

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©2006 Texas Medical Center

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